How to connect - Adriel Knowledge Base

Postgres (PostgreSQL) is an open-source relational database. Connecting it queries a customer-owned Postgres database as a dashboard data source, so transactional tables, event logs, and custom analytics tables surface in Adriel alongside marketing data sources.

Before you connect

The following are required:

A PostgreSQL database (self-hosted, AWS RDS, Cloud SQL, Supabase, Neon, or similar) reachable over the network.
The connection details for that database: host, port (typically 5432), database name, username, and password.
Workspace permission to add a new data source.

Queries reach the database through Adriel’s database proxy, so the database only needs to accept connections from the proxy’s single egress address, 52.79.160.224. Allowlist that address in the network firewall (or the cloud provider’s security group) and in the host-based rules in pg_hba.conf. When direct exposure is not an option, an SSH tunnel to the database works as well. A read-only role is recommended, because the connector only issues SELECT statements. Create one with read rights on the target tables in the public schema:

CREATE USER reporter WITH PASSWORD '<strong-password>';
GRANT CONNECT ON DATABASE your_database TO reporter;
GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA public TO reporter;
GRANT SELECT ON ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA public TO reporter;
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES IN SCHEMA public
  GRANT SELECT ON TABLES TO reporter;

Connect Postgres

Open the connector

On the Data Sources page, search for Postgres and select it.

Enter the connection details

Fill in the fields for the target database:

Field	Required	Notes
Host	Yes	Database hostname or IP. Allowlist `52.79.160.224` if the host sits behind a firewall.
Database	Yes	Name of the database to import.
User	Yes	A user with read access to the target tables.
Password	Yes	Password for that user.
Port	No	Database port. Defaults to `5432`.

Select the table

Choose the Table to report on. The list shows every table in the public schema the connecting user can read. One data source binds to one table; to combine several tables, expose them as a view in public and select the view.

Submit

Click Submit to complete the connection. Initial data availability can take up to one business day.

What gets imported

Table columns become metrics or breakdowns based on their Postgres type. JSONB columns can be projected into breakdowns with the column->>'key' accessor, and ARRAY columns are joined into a delimited string and deduplicated. Null breakdown values are surfaced as the literal Unknown so groupings stay visible. For supported column types, field type mapping, filter operators, string-aggregation modes, caching, and limits, see the Postgres data reference.

Troubleshooting

Connection refused or timeout

The database is not reachable from the proxy. Allowlist the egress address 52.79.160.224 in the network firewall and in pg_hba.conf, or expose the database through an SSH tunnel.

Permission denied for table

The connecting user lacks SELECT on the target table. Run GRANT SELECT ON TABLE <table> TO <user> against the target database.

Tables outside the public schema are missing

Table discovery lists only tables in the public schema. To expose a table from another schema, create a view in public that selects from it, then bind the view.

Null values appear as 'Unknown' in breakdowns

Null breakdown values are converted to the literal Unknown in post-processing so the group stays visible in widget output. This is intentional. To remove the bucket, populate the column in the source database or filter the widget to the values that should appear.

Concern about load on the production database

Queries are read-only and use a per-query connection that is closed after the response. Running the connector against a read replica is recommended for high-traffic primaries.

Postgres data reference

Query model, field type mapping, caching, and limits for the Postgres data source.

Postgres FAQs

Common questions and expected behaviors for the Postgres data source.

How to connect MySQL

Connect the sibling SQL database, with the same view-based patterns.

How to connect Redshift

Connect the cloud data warehouse alternative for large SQL datasets.

How to connect Snowflake

Connect the cloud data platform for warehoused SQL data.

​Before you connect

​Connect Postgres

​What gets imported

​Troubleshooting

​Related